【学习环境】
从目前的情况来看，教育培训市场正向更加细分的趋势迈进，种种迹象表明：教育培训市场已跨入理性化、服务化发展轨道。传统教育培训行业面临着益发严峻的挑战，针对这些问题，朗阁教育在坚守线下优质教学的基础上打造“智学家”在线学习服务平台，**学习测试闭环、学习吸收闭环、学习服务闭环，形成线上线下教学互动模式，打造“学习闭环”，并在全国统一成立“机考模拟中心”。
机考模拟中心≠ 考试机房，拥有专业的学术和技术实力，为学生提供实时、专业、严谨的题库和测试报告。
全国教研大纲统一，标准化教学，同时能实现在线批改作业，解决学员在学习过程遇到的疑难问题，时间了解情况。
线下配备的学习顾问**线上同步，优化效率，真正实现个性化服务，跟进所有学员学习情况，与学员及家长沟通，架起家校桥，及时调整学习计划。
学习管理服务中心：
学员1V1专业学习顾问，经严格筛选，拥用有教学资质证书、英语专八资格证、或有海外留学背景。全程跟踪学员学业情况，进行1V1点评，提供课程建议。
机考模拟中心：
全真机考模拟中心全国上线，**全真机考体验新雅思机考节奏，增加考试经验。口语及写作采用机批，针对内容划词，进行综合评价；更可申请线下1V1点评，不错过任何细节。
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雅思听力考试三个注意要点
雅思听力想获取高分，平时的备考很重要，但是再考场的时候还是有三个注意要点大家一定要好好关注哦。
*开始前*：
尽快熟悉题目的要求，用笔圈出关键词和答案内容限定词(这些词一般能限定问题的范围)如：他和谁明天下午去机场?关键词为”明天下午“而非上午或今天，”机场“而非别处。而答案限定词则为”谁问题让你回答的是人名或此人与说话者的关系名词。也许你会觉得很好分辨而不用如此，但想拿而难拿的分数一定具有这样那样的迷惑性，所以不可大意。另外，表格题因为视觉弱点较难看清，**好把题号圈出。
*过程中*：
不管一开始能听懂多少，一定要按考试状态做，能写多少就多少。并且一开始要坚持听两到三遍，用不同颜色的笔补充订正在旁。**后计得不同的分数，这些分数之间的差距就是你可以**练习所增加的分数，它可以激励你，也可以让你看见差距和进步速度。另一个问题是不会拼写的词汇。这是需要掌握一些拼写法则，**读音尽量拼写下来。
*结束后*：
对完答案要在听力文章中找出对应句子划出，反思它的表达方式是否特殊，特别是不直接说明的。对不懂词汇，能否找出文中出现过的词代替。**后，把失分归类。如，分为数字类，地址类，表格类，问答类，选择类等。根据这个做单项专题训练。
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Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviour
12:44 06 February 2007
NewScientist.com news service
Roxanne Khamsi
New evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours, including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.
UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences, including sleepwalking, amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.
While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders, they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.
Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed 674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.
A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.
Midnight snack
In one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved,” according to the report.
The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.
The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries, including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.
Hypnotic effects
There is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep, the body can still move, making sleepwalking a possibility.
The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.
Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.
“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger,” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection, a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.
Tried and tested
“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug, the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects,” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder, US.
Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects, points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School, director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence, Rhode Island, US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.
And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.
The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.
The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event,” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann, adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage
FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage
T GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1. Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.
2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.
3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.
4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.
5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.
6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.
Question 7-9
Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.
7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?
A. 68
B. 104
C. 182
D. 240
8. Which of the following is T mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?
A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.
B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.
C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.
D. Side effects include nightmares, hallucinations and sleepwalking.
9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established?
A. Kenneth Wright
B. Melissa Feltmann
C. Richard Millman
D. Vera Sharav
Questions 10-13
Answer the following questions with MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.
10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?
11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?
12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?
13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects?
Answer keys and explanations:
1. True
See para.3 from the beginning: Zolpidem, sold under the brand names Ambien, Stilnoct and Stilnox, is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.
2. False
See para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…
3. Not Given
See para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, meanwhile, has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)
4. True
See para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”: In one case, a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.
5. False
See para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: He says that unlike older types of sleep medications, zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.
6. Not Given
See para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained: some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)
7. C
See para.4 from the beginning: A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.
8. B
See the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects, including hallucinations, sleepwalking and nightmares, are more likely in the elderly, and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)
9. B
See para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.
10. 674,500 (times)
See para.3 from the beginning: Various forms of the drug, made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis, were prescribed674,500 times in 2005 in the UK.
11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)
See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.
12. risky consequences
See para.3 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”: Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.
13. Food & Drug (Administration)
See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”: The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.
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