发布时间: 2016年03月22日
状语从句
状语从句中以下四种从句考得较多,这里给予简单介绍。
1) 时间状语从句
时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导:when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely) … when, no sooner … than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework.
You have changed a lot since we met last time.
时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment, the instant, every time,等)和副词(instantly, directly等)引导:
I will tell you the news the instant I know.
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
Note:
① before除了可表示 “在…之前”外,还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大,可译为“…才”。(“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小,可译为“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
They had not been married a month before they quarreled.
② 如果位于when引导的分句之前的主句使用过去进行时、过去完成时或“was/were about to, was/were on the point of”等结构时,when表示突然发生某事,可译为“正在…突然”或“刚…就”等。这时,不能够用as或while来代替when。
I was walking on the street when I ran into my old friend John.
She had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang.
We were about to leave when it began to rain.
2) 条件状语从句
条件状语从句主要由以下连词引导:if, unless, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that), on condition (that), as/so long as, in case等。
So long as you work hard, you will surely achieve good results in examinations.
I shall return next Thursday unless something unexpected happens.
I will go provided that you go with me.
Please give this letter to John in case he comes.
3) 让步状语从句
让步状语从句主要由以下连词引导:though, although, even if, even though, whatever, however, whoever, wherever, no matter how/ what/ where/ when等。以下介绍几种较特殊的让步状语从句。
(1) while引导的让步状语从句多放在句首,while相当于although,表示“尽管”,“虽然”。
While I admit I did it, I didn’t intend to.
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
(2) 短语“even now/then/so”相当于“though it is/was true”,表示“尽管如此”,“尽管这样”。
The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong.
I’ve tried my best, but even now/then she is not satisfied.
(3) as引导的让步状语从句要倒装。
Child as he was, he could speak four languages.
Hard as she tried, she failed to get the job.
4) 比较状语从句
比较状语从句主要由以下连词引导:(not) as … as, (not) the same as, (not) such … as, not so … as, than, the 比较级…, the 比较级…等。
We have had a lot more rainfall this year than we had last year.
She can speak English as fluently as her teacher (can).
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