托福经典加试疑难问题解答

　　同学们对托福经典加试了解吗?一些考生经常会提问：什么是经典加试，经典加试算分么?我想对于经典加试，考生们有很多的困惑，外界对于这些问题也是众说纷纭。今天，新东方托福小编为大家准备了一些经典加试相关的解答，供同学们参考。希望能够帮到大家。

　　一、什么是经典加试题?

　　IBT阅读或听力部分，会在考试时要求考生多完成一篇阅读或者一个听力section，作为题目难易度的检测(ETS原话)。但事实上，这些加试的题目大多来自一个小题库，一般而言加试阅读的数量为一篇文章，加试听力则是加三个听力段子(一个对话两个讲座)。并且随着热心考生的增多，这些试题，包括原文、题目和答案都被整理出来了。加试的范围局限于阅读和听力两个板块，一般来说加试了听力就不会加阅读，加试了阅读就不会加听力。根据统计，大部分的考生遇到的都是听力加试，比例在90%左右，只有5%的学生是阅读加试，另外，个别悲剧的学生会遇到听力阅读双加试，那对于考生而言，的确是体力和耐性的极大挑战。

　　二、如何使用这些经典试题?

　　很简单，熟悉经典加试的内容，了解出题思路，但是不要只背答案上考场直接填，因为整理出来的题目顺序，答案排序和真题有出入。

　　三、例外情况?

　　有同学，确实有同学，概率<1%，碰到非经典加试题，这样只能硬着头皮上了。在极少状况下会出现不加试或者两者均加的状况，不过这种概率非常小。

　　四、托福经典加试题算不算分?

　　可能算分可能不算分。会从整体上对你的分数有所影响。因为ETS不知道这次的题出的难度是否合适，而加试题又是一直固定的几套，所以他们会根据你的加试得分适当调整你的托福分数。如果这次考试普遍加试分数高，托福考题得分低，那ETS会给你适当加分。反之可推。当然这些数据也会被他们用作统计数据。如果正题20分，加试10分，ETS则认为是这次考生水平普遍较低，考试难度偏小，所以会相应减少每个人的阅读得分。反之，如果正题10分，加试25分，那么ETS就认为在考生水平那么高的情况下阅读平均分还那么低，一定是因为题目难度偏大，所以会给每个考生平均加上几分。这也是为什么托福考生普遍反映难度不太稳定，分数却较为稳定的原因。这同时也就是ETS所谓的“在考生水平有波动的情况下，我们依然能给予每个考生最公平的分数”的原因。

　　五、从笔记思路着手和大家分享听力经典加试的部分内容

　　Term paper of Bird migration

　　Listen to a conversation between a student and his Biology professor.

　　S: Dr. Russell, I was hoping to discuss my term paper with you. I'm getting a little bit stuck here.

　　老师，我想和你讨论一下我这学期的论文，我卡住了(主旨题)。

　　P: Of course, so...what do you have so far? What's your topic?

　　没问题，你现在准备什么了，题目是什么?

　　S: Well, I wanted to write about bird migration, but I'm having trouble finding enough sources.

　　我想写鸟类迁徙的，但是我找不到足够的资料。

　　P: You're having trouble finding sources on bird migration?

　　(语调上扬)你找不到鸟类迁徙的资料?(重听题)

　　S: No, actually, on the particular aspect of bird migration that I want to write about. The thing is, I wanted to write specifically on early theories of bird migration...describe some of the theories, like how Aristotle thought that birds changed into different species during the winter or how other naturalists thought that bigger birds carried smaller birds to warmer spots for the winter time. But I've only got a couple of books to work with right now.

　　也不是，就是我写的那个方向找不到。我想写早期的鸟类迁徙理论，比如Aristotle的看法，还有其他自然学家对大鸟带着小鸟到过冬地方的一些看法，但是我只找到了两三本这样的书。

　　P: Hm...I have to admit that it's an interesting topic, and you certainly seem excited by it. But remember I told you all to ask yourselves how your topic is going to help you show that you can apply what you've learned this semester. A summary or description is not really what I'm looking for as much as your analysis of a certain topic.

　　嗯，我承认这是个很好的题目，你应该也挺感兴趣的。但是记住，我让你们写的是这学期学到的东西，我想看到的是你的分析，而不是一个总结或者说明。(细节题，转折原则)

　　S: I guess it's not really what we're supposed to do, huh.

　　我也觉得这是我们应该做的。

　P: Right. So, how about we think about some other ideas for your paper? I mean you don't need to discard the idea completely... but... take a really different focus. Um... for example...you could present what you think are some reasons-the rationale-behind some of the erroneous theories early naturalists had. But, you'll be supporting your views with current research; those are the sources you'll need to seek out.

　　让我们来看看。我觉得你不要完全放弃这个想法，但是可以考虑换个观点。你可以写一下早期自然学家错误理论背后的原因。但是要用现在的研究来支持你的观点，这才是你需要找的资料。(细节题，转折原则)

　　S: Ok, I think I see what you're saying. So, like today...today we know that lots of small birds migrate at night, but maybe ‘cause people didn't see them-didn't see the small birds migrating-they only saw bigger birds, like geese migrating during the day. They thought that the big birds were carrying the small ones under their wings.

　　我明白了。比如现在我们认为很多小鸟是在晚上迁徙，很可能是人们没看到这些小鸟，他们只看到了白天迁徙的大鸟，也有可能是大鸟在翅膀下带着小鸟迁徙的。(细节题，因果原则)

　　P: There you go! That's exactly what I mean. You're showing that you're thinking about the topic, not just telling me what you read.

　　这就是我想说的，我想你懂我的意思了。

　　S: Ok, I also have a really cool example of a migratory bird that I'd like to discuss in my paper. It's the Common Poor will—I mean it seems that some Ornithologists believe that the Common Poor will really does hibernate instead of migrating—that it's maybe the only bird that does.

　　我还想写一些鸟类学家所说的，不迁徙而是冬眠的鸟。

　　P: If I were you, I would stick just with migration research. Remember, this is only a 15-page paper.

　　如果我是你，我就不会在只有15页的论文上写这么多内容。(细节题，建议原则)

　　S: Ok, I see your point.

　　好吧，我懂了。

　　P: But it's great that you're finding this all so interesting. I want you to come back to see me in a week so we can take a look at the new direction in your paper and evaluate the sources you've found in the meantime.

　　嗯，但是这个想法很不错，你一周内再来找我吧，我们讨论一下你论文新的方向。

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