雅思阅读：剑桥雅思长难句分析

   　1. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message tothe other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(剑4, General TrainingTest B section 3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“The scent was a message to the other bees”;“she carried in hersamples and on her body”为定语从句，做The scent的定语，关系词在定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉;“that this wasthe one they were looking for”为that引导的同位语从句，做a message的同位语;“they were lookingfor”为定语从句，做the one的定语，关系词在定语从句中做for的宾语，因此被省掉。

　　2. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about howbees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behaviorgenerally.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)

　　分析：本句的主句为“he would also discover a number of other remarkable factsabout…and revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally”;“how beescommunicate”为how引导的宾语从句，做介词about的宾语。

　　3. There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of thesebeing a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray,published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual Englishwords'.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句“There had been dictionaries”;“the first of these being a littlebook of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual Englishwords'”为独立主格结构，其中“compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray”和“published in 1604 underthe title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usual English words'”均为过去分词短语作定语，做alittle book的定语。

　　4. It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of aneighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, shouldhave published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middleclass.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“It is highly appropriate that… ”,其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，即“that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of aneighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, shouldhave published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middleclass”;在主语从句中“the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man”为Dr SamuelJohnson的同位语，“as famous in his own time as in ours”为Dr Samuel Johnson的定语。

　　5. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout thelate seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.(剑5,Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“His approach to the problems was intensely practical”;“that hadworried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenthcenturies”为定语从句，做the problems的定语，关系词为that。

　　6. He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments, and from this he took money torent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.(剑5, Test 1passage 1)

　　分析：本句为并列句，“He was to be paid ￡1,575 in installments”和“from this he tookmoney to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionaryworkshop'.”并列，由and连接;“in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop'.”为定语从句，做17Gough Square的定语，关系词为which。

　　7. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson workedas ‘fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle atwhich the copying clerks would work standing up.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句为“James Boswell described the garret as ‘fitted up like a countinghouse' with a long desk.”;“his biographer”为James Boswell的同位语;“where Johnsonworked”为定语从句，做the garret的定语，关系词为where; “running down the middle”为现在分词短语做定语，做along desk的定语;“at which the copying clerks would work standing up”为定语从句，做longdesk的定语，关系词为which。

　　8. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst thedictionary was still in preparation.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句主句为“He was also helped by six assistants”;“two of whom died whilst thedictionary was still in preparation”为定语从句，做sixassistants的定语，关系词为whom;在定语从句中，“whilst the dictionary was still inpreparation”为whilst引导的时间状语从句。

　　9. The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matchedthem (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to producethe first French national dictionary) was cause for much Englishcelebration.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“The fact was cause for much English celebration”;“that Johnsonhad taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them”为that引导的同位语从句，做Thefact的同位语;括号中部分起到解释说明的作用。

　　10. A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbingexperiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructionsgiven by a ‘leader' in a situation in which the subjects night feel a personaldistaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.(剑5, Test 1 passage2)

　　分析：本句主句为“Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from allwalks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader' ina situation”;“A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbingexperiments in behavioural psychology”为状语;“in which the subjects night feel apersonal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform”为定语从句，做asituation的定语，关系词为which, 其中“they were called upon to perform”也为定语从句，做theactions的定语，关系词在该定语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉。

　　11. Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that the experiment wasin the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or notpunishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil'sability to learn.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)

　　分析：本句的主句为“Milgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject' that…”;“that theexperiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whetheror not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on thepupil's ability to learn.”为宾语从句，做动词told的宾语;“whether or not punishing pupils fortheir mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupil's ability tolearn”为whether引导的宾语从句，做test的宾语。

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