2016年托福(TOEFL)考试听力指导（二）

出现位置：

IBT听力中的修辞题通常出现在课堂演讲(lectures)部分，在2个长对话，4个课堂演讲中，一般占5至6题。

出题形式：

修辞题通常都是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句，例如：

Why does the professor say this?(询问使用了何种修辞手段)

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

How dies the professor illustrate his point about ___? (询问谈话人是如何创造了某种修辞手段的)

A: by comparing X to Y

B: by giving an example of X

Why does the professor say so? (节选了演讲中某一带有修辞用法的部分，让考生回答为什么谈话人用此修辞)

A: To point out a flaw

B: To repeat a point

C: To define an important term

D: To exemplify a key point

解题技巧：

1. 听原文时即可适时判断谈话人的真实意图，谈话人某句讲话修辞手法运用明显之时，往往就是考点出现之处。

2. 熟悉常用修辞手段，如比喻(又分明喻，暗喻等)，夸张，比拟，例证，借代，反问，反复，设问等等。

3. 注意根据上线问和谈话气氛来综合回答问题，不要脱离主题凭空猜测谈话人的修辞意图。

举例说明：

Professor: Through much of the last century, America’s faith in freedom and democracy was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Narrator:

Listen again to a part of the lecture. Then answer the question.

Professor: …Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many nations.

Why does the professor say this?

A: To encourage the students to think about the issue under a bigger context.

B: To elicit an answer from the students.

C: To compare two different things figuratively to engage his students.

D: To describe an imaginative situation.

解析：

该题是询问为何使用某种修辞手法。

从谈话节选段落中我们很容易看出，教授使用的是暗喻的方法。

该段落大概的意思是：在上个世纪的大部分时间里，美国式民主和自由的信仰如石沉大海，波澜不惊;而今，却如清风拂絮，撒落人间。

暗喻的方式是为了形成对比，从而激起听者的想象力，活跃课堂谈话的气氛。

综上所述正确答案为C。

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