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发布时间: 2016年07月18日

新概念英语第二册语法总结:主谓一致

新概念网课试听

I.单数主语:
1.当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时,谓语动词为单数。
● Someone has told me about it.
● Neither of us likes the film.

2.当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前,谓语动词用单数。(必记之要点!)
Each girl and boy has a nickname.
Every man and woman is welcome.

3.位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数,谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有:in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.
(这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。)
● The teacher along with his students is going to the party.
● His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.


II.复数主语:

1.当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接,通常采用复数谓语动词。
● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.

2.如主语是both, few或主语前有both, few, several, many 等限定词时,谓语动词须用复数。
● Several novels have been written by her.
● Both got the news at the same time.

3.下列名词总是复数形式且谓语动词必须用复数。
trousers, pants, jeans, glasses, scissors, tweezers, plier,  scales , compasses, etc.
● The trousers here are mine.

别忘了:如果以上名词受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
The pair of pants is too dirty.


III.单、复数的灵活运用:

1.当主语由 neither... nor, either... or, not only ... but also 或 or 连接时,谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的词一致,在英语语法中,这被称之为“就近原则”。
● Neither he nor I am going to the airport.
● Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.

2.当主语前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等词时,谓语动词则根据主语的具体情况而采用相应的单、复数。
● All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可数名词)
● All of us have been here.

3.“a number of”是复数,修饰可数名词,谓语动词为复数,“the number of”也修饰复数名词,但谓语动词用单数。(黄金要点!!)
● A number of students have passed the exam.
● The number of students in this class is 50.


IV. 用作单数的复数形式主语:

1.如主语是指:time, money, weight, volume, etc. 虽为复数形式,但谓语用单数形式。
● Two years is a short time.
● One hundred dollars is needed by me.

2.下列单词如:physics,economics,mathematics,statistics,etc;measles,mumps,herpes,etc,news,ethics,politics,etc. 为复数形式,但谓语动词用单数。
● Statistics is a dull subject.
● Politics is important.

3.书、报、杂志、电影的名称作主语,谓动用作单数。
● The New York Times is a good newspaper.

V.下列名词在形式上保持不变,但谓语动词的数取决于其意义:

1.family,team,class,committee,group,audience,faculty,etc.
● The family is big.(总体)
● His family like to watch TV.(家庭所有成员)

2.species,series,etc.
● The species is rare.
● These species are common.

3.sheep,deer,etc.
● The sheep are eating grass.
● The sheep is big.

VI. Chinese, English, French, etc 指语言时,谓动是单数,如与 "the" 搭配,指人民时,谓语动词用复数。

English is used widely.
The English love peace.

VII. 注意下列外来语的单复数形:

单数                                                     复数
basis                                        bases
crisis                                        crises
criterion                                    criteria
phenomenon                             phenomena
radius                                       radii
alumnus                                    alumni
datum                                       data
medium                                     media
index                                         indices
appendix                                   appendices
alga                                           algae
vita                                            vitae

测试精编

1. Students today are writing ________ of poetry.
A. a great many lines      B. quantities of lines      C. lots lines       D. a large number

2. The bookstore had not ordered ________ texts for all the students in the course.
A. plenty of                    B. enough
C. as many                     D. enough of

3. — What did you see?  — We saw ________ police there.
A. many       B. much       C. little       D. the

4. — Do you want to wait?  — Two weeks ________ too long for me to wait.
A. is          B. are         C. were       D. was

5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, ________.
A. being a beautiful woman of wealth and position
B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position
C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position
D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position

(后设答案,大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)


KEYS

1. A    2. B    3. A    4. A    5. C


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