发布时间： 2016年04月12日
词汇是是考研英语阅读年年必考的题型之一。通过指出原文中的一个单词或短语，要求准确理解其意思，意在考察考生在不认识单词的情况下对上下文的理解能力。对于这一题型，大家在本阶段复习必须要攻克，下面我们就来详细谈谈攻克这类题型的关键。
一、词汇题常见考查方式
词汇题常见考查对象有四种：对大纲内常见词汇的生僻含义的考察;对超纲词汇的考察;对代词所指代内容的考察;句子理解题(往往涉及对句中某一关键词或关键短语的理解)。题干命题模式主要有：
The phrase (word, sentence)“...”(in line...) most probably means...
By“...”, the writer (probably ) means...
What does the author probably mean by“...”in... paragraph?
The phrase (word, sentence) suggests...
From the passage, we can infer that the word“...”is...
According to passage, what is“...”?
When the author says that..., he means...
二、词汇题破解关键：上下文
词汇题的存在意义不是让你凭空去猜，而是让你理解文章，因此，破解关键就隐藏在上下文中。大多情况下，要求解释的词汇或短语附近会出现一些提示词，通常会以同义词或者反义词的形式出现，只要在上下文中仔细寻找，不难找到。此外，还可以根据句间关系来判断。句间关系共有五大类：因果、比较、否定、转折，并列，有时句中的一个单词不认识，通过句间关系能够推断出作者想借它表达的意思。
三、真题链接
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.(2010年真题)
The word“about-face”(Line 1) most probably means：
[A] loss of good will
[B] increase of hostility
[C] change of attitude
[D] enhancement of dignity
解析：about-face之前是curb“控制”，而之后是approving“赞同”，很明显两者是对立关系，选项A“好的意愿的消失”，选项B“敌意的增加”，选项D“尊严的提升”，表达的都是同一性，而不是相对性，只有选项C“态度的变化”，既然是变化就体现出来相对性，因此选项C为正确答案。
词汇考察是表象，关键还是要读懂上下文。掌握了这点，即便再难猜的单词也可以轻松按图索骥，找出其隐藏在上下文的意思。祝你阅读、词汇双，考试成功!
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