发布时间: 2016年04月11日
新概念英语之 玛雅人用来预测未来的历法——卓尔金历
大家还记得新概念英语第三册Lesson38中雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上令历史学家们无比着迷的符号吗?古玛雅人有着世界上最完美的历法体系,体系中的一种叫卓尔金历(Tzolk'in)。它是以20个日名(20个名称序列)以及13个日数(13个数字)所构成的周期组成了260个独立的日子(就像中国的天干地支不断搭配组合),被用来决定宗教及祭典项目的时间,并做占卜用。每个日期皆依序标上从1到13的日数,接着又从1重新开始算起。此外,每个日期还依序标上了20个日名。
玛雅人认为每个卓尔金日都有其所影响事物的象征,他们有个称为日期保管者(day keeper)的萨满祭司,借由研读卓尔金历预测未来。据说玛雅人是根据卓尔金历推算出的世界末日。今天的新概念文化大爆炸节目就带大家了解一下玛雅卓尔金历中的几个日名~~
1. Ahau, or Ajpu in Kiche Maya, is the sacred day sign of the Sun. It represents mental and psychological tests and challenges, struggle, leadership and heroism. It also embodies the energy and strength of completion. Ahau's animal totems are the eagle and the human being.
金日(或基切语中的Ajpu日)是表示太阳的日名。它代表精神和心理的考验、挑战、斗争、领导和英勇,同样也象征能量和实现的力量。Ahau日的动物图腾是老鹰和人类。【注:基切语(K'iche')是一种玛雅语族语言。】
2. Akbal, or Aq'ab'al in Kiche Maya, is the day sign of Night. It is the sign of clarity or light, and symbolizes both dawn and darkness. This is a day particularly propitious for love and marriage, and for the ability to think and act with perfect clarity. Akbal's animal totems are the fawn and the macaw.
Akbal日(或者基切语中的Aq'ab'al日)是夜晚的日名,代表清晰或光明,能同时象征象征黎明和黑暗。这一天是非常适合结婚的吉日,也适合清晰思考,并付诸行动。Akbal日的动物图腾是小鹿和金刚鹦鹉。
3. Ben, or Aj in Kiche Maya, represents the Reed or Corn. It is the nawal of the home and children; on this day we give thanks for our home, our family and for the nourishment we are provided by the planet. Ben's animal totems are the armadillo and the bee.Ben日(或者基切语中的Aj日)代表芦苇或玉米。它是表示家和孩子的日名。这一天,我们感谢自己的家庭和所在土地对自己的养育之恩。Ben日的动物图腾是穿山甲和蜜蜂。
4. Caban, or N'oj in Kiche Maya, signifies ideas, wisdom, memory and patience. This is the nawal of intelligence; this daysign is therefore very useful in asking for creativity and the power of intellect to find solutions to challenges. Its animal totems are the woodpecker and the gazelle.
Caban日(或者基切语中的N’oj日)象征想法、智慧、记忆和耐心。这是表示智力的日名,因此对于祈求创造力和解决挑战的力量非常有帮助的。Caban日的动物图腾是啄木鸟和小羚羊。
5. Cauac, or Kawoq in Kiche Maya, is the sign of the Storm, in all of its forms and expressions, from a soft spring rain to a raging typhoon. This is the sign of the Divine Feminine and has a special connection with women and feminine energy. Its animal totems are the turtle and the puma.
Cauac日(或者基切语中的Kawoq日)是代表暴风雨的日名,包含了从绵绵春雨到呼啸台风所有形式在内。它是代表神圣女性的符号,和女性、女性力量有特殊的联系。Cauac日的动物图腾是海龟和美洲豹。
本文关键字: 新概念 英语 文化
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