发布时间:2017年04月12日
关系代词有下面这些:
who whom whose that which
都是用来引起定语从句的。这类代词通常起着纽带的作用。把从句和它修饰的词连接起来,同时又在从句中担任一个成分:
I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人,他说他认识你。
(who引起定语从句,修饰someone,who=someone,在从句中作主语。)
The noise that he made woke everybody up. 他弄出的声音把大家都吵醒了。
(that引起定语从句,修饰noise,在从句中that作主语,代表noise。)
I saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在报上看到一点消息,可能会使你感兴趣。
(which引起定语从句,修饰something,在从句中which作主语,代表something。)
把它们称作关系代词是因为它们有关连作用,把引起的从句和所修饰的词联系起来,这种从句可称作关系从句(relative clauses),由于它修饰一个名词或代词,因而也称作定语从句(attributive clauses)。
60 who,whom和whose的用法
* who代表人。在从句中作主语(who是主格):
The man who robbed her has been arrested. 抢她东西的人被捕了。
…
* whom也代表人。在从句中作宾语(whom是who的宾格):
The man whom I saw told me to come back today. 我见到的那个人让我今天再来。
…
在口语中常可用who代替,但如跟介词,则不能用who代替:
Our doctor, who we all like very much, is leaving. 常给我们看病的那个医生, 我们都非常喜欢他, 他要走了。
在作从句中的宾语且该从句是定语从句,则whom常会省略:
The man (who) I saw told me to wait. 我见到的那个人让我等一会儿。
The girl (who/whom) I spoke to was a student. 和我讲话的女孩是个学生。
但在紧跟介词时只能用whom:
That is the man about whom we were speaking. 他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。
…
* whose表示“(某人)的”(是所有格,必须带名词,其本身有限定词的功能):
I know a boy whose father is an acrobat. 我认识一个男孩,他父亲是杂技演员。
…
whose有时可指动物或无生命的东西:
The word, whose meaning escapes me, probably derives from Latin. 那个词可能源自拉丁文,其意思我想不起来了。
I saw a film whose name I have forgotten. 我看了一部电影,名字我忘了。
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